What does the term "transformer losses" commonly refer to?

The term "transformer losses" primarily refers to energy that is wasted as heat during the operation of a transformer. This occurs through two main mechanisms: copper losses and iron (or core) losses. Copper losses happen due to the resistance in the transformer windings when electrical current flows through them, leading to heat generation. Iron losses arise from the magnetic properties of the core material, which can result in energy being dissipated as heat due to hysteresis and eddy currents.

Understanding these losses is crucial for improving the efficiency of transformers and minimizing energy waste. In practice, measures such as using higher quality materials or optimizing the design of transformers can help reduce these losses and enhance overall performance. This knowledge is essential for those working in the electrical field, as maintaining transformer efficiency is key to a reliable power supply.