Why are greater static charges developed on smooth surfaced materials than on rough surfaced materials?

The development of greater static charges on smooth surfaced materials compared to rough surfaced materials can be attributed to the larger surface contact area. When two surfaces come into contact, the transfer of electrons occurs, leading to the build-up of static electricity. Smooth surfaces present a larger area for contact, which facilitates a more effective transfer of charges between the materials.

This is significantly influenced by how the smooth surfaces allow for a more complete and consistent contact compared to rough surfaces, where irregularities and textures hinder full contact. Consequently, with more complete contact on smooth surfaces, there's a greater potential for electron transfer, resulting in higher static charge accumulation.

In contrast, considerations like friction, material composition, and environmental factors have less direct influence on the static charge development in this context. While they may play a role in charge dynamics, the primary reason for the increased static charge on smooth surfaces lies in the effectiveness of surface contact during the charge transfer process.